印尼總統佐科威今宣布，計畫將首都遷至婆羅洲島的東加里曼丹省境內，將位於北佩納揚巴塞爾縣（Penajam Paser Utara）與庫台卡塔內加拉縣（Kutai Kartanegara），距原首都雅加達有約有1300公里，預計將耗資466兆印尼盾（約330億美元），包括興建新的政府辦公大樓，以及供150萬名公務員居住的房子，計畫19%費用由政府出資，其餘交由公私合作及私人投資，最快2024年進行搬遷作業。
雅加達自17世紀時就被荷屬東印度公司定為總部，荷蘭政府接收後，成為荷屬東印度首都，當時命名為巴達維亞（Batavia），太平洋戰爭期間日本佔領，命名為雅加達，而在二戰結束，荷蘭重回印尼欲鎮壓當地獨立運動時，爆發荷印戰爭，最後荷蘭宣布放棄統治權，印尼獨立，雅加達也成為印尼首都。
雅加達是印尼最大城，人口約1200萬，但因長期缺乏城市規劃，雅加達交通混亂、擁擠，地理上更面臨諸多自然災害，雅加達地層以每年25毫米的速度下沉，約40%的面積低於海平面，海水倒灌風險極高，世界銀行甚至表示，數十年後，海水將淹至印尼總統府，另外雅加達還常年因蘇門答臘等地燒芭而產生霧霾天氣，生活品質惡劣。
新都將定於婆羅洲島，印尼總統佐科威表示，新都有助於將經濟發展拓展至爪哇島以外的地區。
The as-yet-unnamed new capital would straddle the regions of North Penajam Paser and Kutai Kartanegara in Indonesia’s province of East Kalimantan on Borneo, the president, Joko Widodo, told a news conference on Monday. It is expected to cost 466tn rupiah (£27bn).
2019/4/29 Office of Assistant to Deputy Cabinet Secretary for State Documents & Translation
Minister of National Development Planning/Head of the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) Bambang Brodjonegoro said that the new capital city will serve as a center of government, home to the country’s ministries / institutions, including the parliament, the defense security (TNI), the national police, embassies and representatives of international organizations.
Meanwhile, financial, trade, and industry services such as Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) will remain in Jakarta, he added.
“This is a concept that we are trying to emulate from some of the best practices that have been adopted in other countries,” Bambang explained at a Limited Meeting on Follow-Up Plans for the Capital’s Relocation, at the Presidential Office, Jakarta, Monday (29/4).
He stressed that the new capital will separate business and government centers. “Jakarta will still be a business center with Southeast Asian level,” he added.
He also said that the planning of moving the capital city could be an opportunity to adjust to the equal distribution of state civil apparatus.
He went on explaining that the planning to move the capital city based on a number of considerations.
First, from 390 cities surveyed worldwide, Jakarta is the fourth worst city in traffic conditions, ranks ninth in worst driver satisfaction and worst congestion, 33,240 Stop-Start Indexes and lock-up grids resulted in ineffectiveness of communication and coordination between agencies / ministries.
“The economic losses due to congestion in Jakarta area in 2013 amounted to Rp56 trillion per year, and now we estimate the figure is rising up to Rp100 trillion per year,” said Bambang.
In addition to the congestion issue, he continued, Jakarta has flooding issue caused by excess water supply from upstream areas, land subsidence on the north coast of Jakarta, as well as the rise of sea level. Half of the Jakarta area is vulnerable to floods.
The vulnerable level of floods in Jakarta is below 10 years, while ideally a city should have a minimum of 50 years of floods vulnerability.
“The decrease of groundwater level in the north area is 7.5 cm per year in average and the land drops have reached 60 cm in the period of 1989-2007. The number will continue to increase up to 120 cm due to drainage of groundwater. While sea water rises by an average of 4-6 cm due to climate change,” Bambang said, adding that the water quality of rivers in Jakarta is 96% heavily polluted and can cause significant disaster for human as a result of poor sanitation.
Due to such conditions, Bambang proposed the idea to build a new capital that represents national identity.
“We want to have a new capital which can reflect Indonesia’s identity, that is, a modern, smart, green, and beautiful city,” Bambang said. (FID/JAY/ES)
Proposed design for the new capital’s Pancasila Monument. Image: Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR)
留言列表
